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Personal Information
Cancer Diagnosis
Cancer research is an important part of cancer care and over the years has led to better treatments and outcomes for people diagnosed with cancer. A clinical trial is one type of cancer research and helps to show if a new approach to prevention, screening, diagnosis or treatment works better than current methods.
Surgery and biopsies are performed to remove or repair a part of the body, or to find out whether disease is present. For many types of cancer, surgery may be used to remove the tumor as well as other tissue that is suspected of containing cancer cells.
Works by stopping or slowing the growth of cancer cells, which grow and divide quickly. But it can also harm healthy cells that divide quickly, such as red and white blood cells, cells that line the mouth and intestines and cells related to the growth of hair.
Radiation may come from a machine outside the body, or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body near cancer cells. Systemic radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance that travels in the blood to tissues throughout the body.
Some hormones encourage the growth of some cancers, such as breast and prostate. But, they may kill, slow or stop cancer cells from growing. Hormone therapy usually involves taking medications that prevent cancer cells from getting the hormones they need to grow.
Targeted therapies are drugs or other substances that block the growth and spread of cancer by interfering with specific molecules. Targeted therapies differ from standard chemotherapy because they are designed to act on specific molecular targets and attack cancer cells without harming healthy cells. This is done by targeting some key differences between cancer cells and other cells. These targets may be genes, so the treatment aims to ‘switch off’ genes that tell cancer cells to grow or to ‘switch on’ genes that tell cancer cells to die. Other targeted therapies deliver substances directly to proteins in the cancer cell to destroy them or prevent growth.
Everyone’s cancer experience is different and so are their side effects. The following section details the common side effects that people can experience.
Fatigue is the most common side effect from cancer treatment. You can experience fatigue for months or even years after finishing treatment. Fatigue is a persistent feeling of physical, emotional, or mental tiredness or exhaustion. This type of fatigue is different from other types of fatigue because it interferes with your usual functioning, does not reflect your level of activity, and does not improve with rest.
Pain is related to a state of lack of well-being and uneasiness that ranges from mild discomfort or dull distress to acute, often unbearable agony, it may be generalized or localized.
Immune System is related to spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, leukocytes and neutrophils.
Cognitive problems are related to conscious intellectual activity such as thinking, reasoning, memory, attention to task, imagining, or learning.
Reproductive is related to prostate, testes, ovaries, ducts and glands
Gastrointestinal is related to mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.
Urinary is related to the renal system, urine, kidneys, ureters and bladder.
Cardiovascular is related to the circulation of blood through the body including the heart, arteries and blood vessels.
Skeletal is related to bone and bone marrow
Musculoskeletal is related to the form, support, stability, and movement to the body including bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together
Integumentary is related to the skin, and skin derivatives such as hair, nails, glands and receptors.
Pulmonary is related to inhalation of oxygen and the exhalation of carbon dioxide, including maintenance of body temperature and elimination of excess water from the body.
Lymphatic is related to lymph fluid, white blood cells and lymph nodes including removal of lymph nodes
Nervous System is related to the central and peripheral nervous system including the brain, spinal cord and nerves connected to the spinal cord.
Endocrine is related to the gland and other organs that are responsible for making hormones and producing eggs or sperm.
